早产儿医院感染危险因素分析及干预措施临床研究

Analysis of the risk factors causing nosocomial infection in premature infants and the clinical research on interventions

目的:探讨早产儿医院感染危险因素及干预措施,降低早产儿医院感染的发病率。方法:对927例早产儿病例采取即时监测、回顾性调查和前瞻性监测相结合的方法进行对照研究,对医院感染危险因素采取干预措施,前瞻性监测医院感染控制效果。结果:早产儿医院感染部位以呼吸道为主,胎龄小、低体重、侵袭性操作(插管)、住院时间长、窒息是医院感染的重要危险因素,采取相应控制措施后,早产儿医院感染率由20.43%降至10.55%。结论:提高早产儿免疫力、缩短住院时间、加强手卫生消毒、严格执行消毒隔离制度,是控制早产儿医院感染的有效措施。

Objective： To explore the risk factors which caused nosocomial infection in premature infants and interventions in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in premature infants. Methods： The control study was conducted on 927 cases of premature infants, integrated with real - time monitoring, retrospective survey and prospective surveillance. The corresponding interventions on the risk factors of nosocomial infection were carded out and the control effect were predicted. Results： The nosocomial infection in premature infants was mainly respiratory tract infection and the infection usually occurred in the premature infants with small for gestational age and low weight. Invasive operations （ intubation ）, long hospitalization and asphyxia were the major risk factors for nosocomial infection. The nosocomial infection rate in premature infants fell to 10.55% from 20. 43% after the appropriate control measures were taken. Conclusion： To improve the immunity of premature infants, decrease hospitalization time, strengthen the hand hygiene and to strictly implement disinfection and isolation rules and regulations are the effective measures in control of nosocomial infection in premature infants.