大学生的求助倾向

Help-seeking Tendency of Undergraduate Students

目的：考察大学生在处理问题时的求助倾向与偏好。方法：以北京和上海两所大专院校的本科生（ｎ＝４６６）为对象，用问卷调查方式进行研究。结果：大学生倾向自己解决问题，有必要时，多数向父母或朋友求助。求助于专业心理咨询的比较率偏低，只有极少数（７．８％）的学生在遇到失眠或严重的心理困扰时，才找精神科医生。虽然女学生的求助倾向比男学生的略强，但也主要是求助于父母，较少求助于精神科医生，问题的性质是决定求助对象的一个要素。而对精神卫生专业人员的不信任，是求助行为的一个障碍。结论：大学生偏好向非正式的社会网络（父母或朋友）求助，正式的心理咨询或精神卫生服务未被大学生所充份利用，专业人员的信誉和形象有提高的必要。

Abstract Objective: To examine the help-seeking tendency and preference of undergraduate students. Methods: A survey research method was adopted in which standardized questionnaires were administered to 466 undergraduate students of a college in Beijing and a university in Shanghai. Results: Undergraduate students preferred to resolve their problems on their own. When help was needed, they usually relied on parents or friends. Not many students would resort to professional counseling services. Very few (7.8%) of the students would seek psychiatric consultation and only when they had sleep difficulty or severe psychological distress. Though females had a stronger tendency than males to seek help, they relied mainly on parents. Fewer females than males would seek psychiatric consultation. The Nature of the problems is an important determinant of help-seeking preference. Distrust of mental health professionals seemed to have prevented students from seeking consultation. Conclusion:Undergraduate students preferred to seek help from informal social network(parents or friends). Formal mental health services were underutilized. Promotion of credibility and positive image of mental health professionals needed.