自我效能感与工作控制的匹配性模型——对Karasek工作压力模型的扩展

The Fit Model between Self-efficacy and Job Control——An Extension to Karasek's Job Demands-Control Model

如何有效缓解工作压力,已成为我国企业组织的管理者和研究人员所要面对的现实问题。在对Karasek工作压力模型相关研究进行回顾的基础上,本文引入个体差异变量——自我效能感,以解释工作控制在工作压力模型中的不同意义,进而提出自我效能感与工作控制的匹配性模型。匹配性模型在详细解释高自我效能者如何应对工作压力的基础上,提出了与低自我效能者相匹配的工作压力模式,对Karasek工作压力模型做了扩展,具有一定的研究与现实意义。

How to relieve the work stress effectively has become a realistic problem that the managers and researchers of enterprises and organizations have to face in our country. Based on the literature review of Karasek＇ s job demands-control model and＇related studies, the present paper introduces the variable of individual difference--self-efficacy, to elucidate different effects of job control in the model, and furthermore proposes the fit model between self-efficacy and job control. The fit model explains in details how the person with high self-efficacy copes with work stress, and then puts forward the work stress pattern matching the person with low self-efficacy, which expands Karasek＇ s job demands-control model and has certain values in the research and practice.