明治时期西方人的日本观探析——以小泉八云和张伯伦为例

Westerners' Japanese View in Meiji Period:Mainly on Yakumo Koizumi and Chamberlain

小泉八云和张伯伦同样作为明治时期两大西方的日本研究家而知名,然而二者对明治日本的认识却截然不同。小泉八云将"有机的遗传"融入到自己的日本文化论中,认为日本人精神层面的优点来自其"祖先崇拜",是一种"死者支配"的体现,并在此基础上进行了他的东洋礼赞和西洋批判。与此相对,张伯伦则是文化传播理论的支持者,他认为西方的优势文明必将取代日本落后的文明,是典型的西洋至上主义者。本文从比较文化论的角度,采取实证的方式,解析了明治时期两大日本人研究家——小泉八云和张伯伦的明治时期的日本认识迥异与成因。

As the two famous western Japanologists in Meiji Period, Koizumi Yakumo and Chamberlain had completely different understandings to Meiji Japan. Yakumo Koizumi integrated ＂the organic heredity＂ into his Japanese culture theory, and he thought that the Japanese merit in spiritual aspect came from ＂the ancestor worship＂, which was the manifestation of ＂the dead controls＂, basing on this, he carried on his Orient admiration and West criticism. On the other hand, Chamberlain was the foliower of the ＂cultural diffusion theory＂, he thought that the superiority civilization of the West would ~：ertainly substitute for the Japanese backward civilization, was a typical West supremacist. This dissertation uses the theory of comparative culture to ana- lyze Yakumo Koizumi and Chamberlain＇ s diffevent understandings to Meiji Japan.