微喷灌技术在雨水集蓄利用工程中的研究与示范

Demonstration and Research of Micro-sprinkler Irrigation Technology in Rainwater Collection and Utilization Project

内蒙古准格尔旗属于我国典型的黄土高原干旱半干旱丘陵山区，由于该区受特殊的地理、地形以及水文气象条件的影响，使得雨水集蓄利用工程成为解决该区农牧业生产的主要出路，利用该工程结合微喷灌技术进行集雨补充灌溉，有效缓解了水分供需错位的矛盾且为保证牧草稳产高产提供了必要条件。试验通过有限补充灌溉的方式，探讨了集雨补充微喷灌条件下对牧草产量和盖度的影响。研究结果表明：在牧草返青期采用微啧节水补灌技术，使灌溉处理牧草产量较不灌处理牧草产量提高了21．58％～68．73％，盖度提高5．77％～17．65％；旱作混播牧草较旱作单播牧草产量提高28．8％～40．8G，灌溉混播牧草较灌溉单播牧草产量提高25．0％～95．4％，为集雨补灌旱作区发展生态畜牧业建设提供了技术支持。

The experimental area is located in a typical semi-arid mountain area of the Loess plateau. Due to the impact of the special geographical, terrain and hydro-meteorological conditions, the rainwater collection and utilization project becomes an important methods of agriculture and livestock production. Utilizing the project and combining with micro-sprinkler irrigation technology to conduct supplemental irrigation not only effectively solve the conflict of water supply and demand, but also supply necessary condition for steady and high forage yield. Through the experiment of limited supplement micro-sprinkler irrigation, the influence of supplement irrigation on Forage Plants yield and the degree of cover is discussed. The results indicates that under the condition of limit supplemental micro-sprinkler irrigation in green stage, the forage yield increases 21.58%-68. 73%, degree of cover of forage plants increases 5. 77%-17. 65%. The yield of mixed sowing Forage Plants increases 28. 8%-40. 8% than single sowing under dry-cultivation, and the yield of mixed sowing forage plants increases 25.0% - 95. 4% than single sowing under limit supplemental microsprinkler irrigation. The result provides theory foundation for the development of water-saving agriculture in rainwater collection, supplemental irrigation and semi-arid areas.