新疆奎屯垦区土壤砷含量及耐砷植物的筛选

Arsenic concentrations in soils and plants in Kuitun farm,XinJiang

土壤砷污染是一种严重的环境问题,植物对砷的耐性与积累性,已经成为污染生态学研究的热点。以新疆奎屯垦区为研究区域,通过对该地区土壤和植物中砷含量的测定,分析土壤中砷的污染状况,研究该区域内植物对砷的吸收特征,筛选适合当地气候的耐砷植物。结果表明:奎屯垦区土壤中砷的含量范围在7.25-39.63mg·kg-1,平均值为19.32mg·kg-1,高于全国的平均水平。对该区域内植物的采样分析发现藨草(ScirpusL)和芦苇(Phragmites)两种植物对砷具有较强的耐性。砷在两种植物中的含量分别为:藨草根部251.40mg·kg-1,地上部12.38mg·kg-1;芦苇根部92.91mg·kg-1,地上部4.03mg·kg-1,两种植物根部砷含量均高于土壤中砷含量(39.63mg·kg-1),表现出根部囤积型植物的特征。

Arsenic contamination in soil is a severe environmental problem. Currently, there is not economical and effective remediation technique for arsenic. The study of using tolerant and hyper_accumulating plants to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils has become anintensive topic field. In early 1980＇s, first endemic arsenics area was found in Kuitun farm of Xinjiang, China. We mainly studied the arsenic pollution of soil and selected arsenic tolerantand plants in Kuitun Farm. Conclusions have been obtained：the arsenic content in soil ranges between 7.25-39.63mg · kg^-1, arithmetic mean is 19.32mg · kg^-1, which is higher than the national average level. Analytical results showed that two plants （Scirpus L. and Phragmites） demonstrate high arsenic tolerance. The arsenic concentration in the different parts of the plants are as follows： roots of Scirpus L. ：251.40mg · kg^-1; shoots： 12.38mg · kg^-1; roots of Phragmites： 92.91mg · kg^-1; shoots： 4.03mg · kg^-1. The arsenic concentration in roots of two plants are greater than that in soil. Scirpus L. and Phragmites are rooteompartments of arsenic.