某废弃化工场地VOC/SVOC污染土壤健康风险分析

Health Risk Analysis of VOC/SVOC Contaminated Soil in an Abandoned Chemical Plant

选择我国典型的废弃化工污染场地为研究对象,以场地全面调查为基础,采用美国ASTM场地环境评价方法,结合我国的人群特点和场地特性修正风险评估参数,对该化工场地VOC/SVOC污染土壤进行环境健康风险分析.结果表明,该场地已明显受到VOC/SVOC的污染,污染集中在土壤的不同层次,其中四氯化碳、四氯乙烯、五氯乙烷、六氯丁二烯、六氯乙烷和六氯苯等6种VOC/SVOC在场地土层中的浓度超过我国现有土壤环境标准,部分点位通过口腔摄入、皮肤接触和呼吸吸入污染物3种暴露途径所导致的致癌风险达到10-2,危害商超过1,这些污染物已对人体和周边环境形成了较高的健康风险.在进一步进行居住地或商业用地开发时,该场地必须进行修复与综合治理,使风险降低到人体健康可接受水平.

Environmental health risk of contaminated soil in a typical abandoned industry was analyzed based on the full field investigation according to the site assessment procedure of American Society for Testing and Material （ASTM）. Parameters were modified with the combination of Chinese crowd character and site specifics. Results indicated that the site was mainly contaminated with volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in soil profiles. And the contents of carbon tetrachloride, tetraehloroethylene, pentachloroethane, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachloroethane and hexachlorobenzene in soil samples were exceeded the national environmental standard. These contaminants ranked the carcinogenic risks and hazard quotients more than 10 -2 and 1 in some locations with the exposure by oral ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. Contaminants in this site had resulted in the high health risks to the residents and surrounding communities. The risk should be reduced to the health acceptable level by the treatment and remediation before further development for residential and commercial utilization.