趋磁细菌的地域分布特征

Geographical Distribution of Magnetotactic Bacteria

通过对来自目前GenBank中趋磁细菌的16S rDNA序列分析,并进行系统进化树的构建,比较不同区域趋磁细菌的差异.目前,GenBank中共有239条趋磁细菌16S rDNA序列,相似性分析后有137条不同的序列(海洋55条,淡水82条),分属于变形菌门和硝化螺菌门.全长序列的系统进化分析显示,全球趋磁细菌的分布具有一定的区域性,海洋与淡水趋磁细菌区分明显.不同地域的趋磁细菌的系统进化分析显示,近海与大洋的趋磁细菌有明显的差别;而同为海洋或淡水的环境中,如巴西和美国近海、德国和中国的淡水湖泊,趋磁细菌相似性较高,即相同生境中的趋磁细菌相似性较高,表明趋磁细菌的类型与生境条件有很大关联性.基于16S rDNA序列分析,推测趋磁细菌起源可能是多源的,环境条件可能作为重要的进化压力在趋磁细菌长期演化过程中扮演重要角色.

Magnetotactic bacteria （MTB） are widely distributed in aquatic environments. To assess the correlation between their evolutionary relatedness and geographic distribution, we analyzed 239 16S rDNA sequences available in the Genbank, and constructed phylogenetic trees based on the sequences. After elimination of redundant sequences by grouping those with identity 〉 97% into a single one, we analyzed in detail total 139 16S rDNA sequences, including 55 from marine MTB and 82 from freshwater sequences, and belonging to Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae. Phylogeny analysis based on those sequences suggests that the geographical distribution of MTB has certain regional distribution character： marine MTB is distinct from freshwater MTB, and off coast MTB are remotely related with ocean MTB. In contrast, the MTB from similar habitats, such as offshore in Brazil and the United States or freshwater lakes in Germany and China, are closely related. It is found that similar species have a large geographic distribution and tend to adopt the similar habitats, morphotypes of MTB and their living environment conditions have a significant relevance. This observation suggests that MTB may have multiple evolutionary origins. And also, it suggests the environmental conditions, as an important evolutionary pressure, play an important role in the long-term evolution of MTB.