论规范性文件的审查标准:适当性原则的展开与应用

On Normative Documents’ Reviewing Criteria:Expansion and Application of the Principle of Suitability

适当性原则是县级以上人大常委会实施规范性文件审查的判断标准。在监督法上,适当性原则被细分为两种类型外加一个兜底规定,但审查的具体标准和操作规则并不明确。比照行政法学上的审查标准,适当性原则可以按合法性与合理性两个纬度展开。前者体现保障社会主义法制统一性以及中央立法权威性的功能预期,操作上要求判定规范性文件的制定主体、程序与内容是否符合上位法的规定,价值上以审查过程的确定性以及审查操作的羁束性为追求。后者体现出保障立法科学性与人民性的制度功能,在操作上兼顾立法的形式合理性以及经济效益、政治正确与社会影响等实质合理性要求,具有灵活性与裁量性的价值属性。

The principle of suitability serves as a criterion against which a county-or higher-level Standing Committee of the People’s Congress carries out reviewing of normative documents. In the supervision law, the principle of suitability is further categorized into two types plus one miscellaneous provision, but reviewing specifications and practice rules are not to be clarified. With reference to reviewing criteria under the administrative law, the principle of suitability can be expanded along the two dimensions of legitimacy and rationality. Legitimacy serves to guarantee standardized socialist laws and functional expectation of central legislation authority. In practice, it is required to verify the normative documents’ drafting body, whether the procedure and contents comply with the provisions of the higher-level law. Rationality reflects an institutional function to guarantee scientific and people-oriented legislation. In practice, efforts are equally spared to ensure such essential and reasonable demands as rational forms, economic profit, political correctness, and social impact, embodying both flexibility and discretion.