丙型肝炎病毒感染的血清学检测

Serologic testing of hepatitis C virus infection

目的了解丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染及病毒血症存在情况。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）对不同人群的血清标本做了抗－ＨＣＶ、抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检测，并对三项指标间的关系进行了对比分析。结果抗－ＨＣＶ在普通成年人、献血员、急性肝炎和肝硬化患者中的检出率分别是３５７％，８５８％，６２５％和４８３８％；与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的符合率分别是１１４３％，６１１１％，８００％和７３３３％。相同人群抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ与ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的符合率分别是７５％，９０９％，８１８１％和１００％。结论抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ比抗－ＨＣＶ能更客观地反映ＨＣＶ病毒血症的情况，个别抗－ＨＣＶ阴性血清检测到了抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＭ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。

We tested anti-HCV,anti-HCV IgM and HCV-RNA in serum samples from general adults,blood donors,acute hepatitis patients and liver cirrhosis patients by the methods of ELISA and RT-PCR so as to study the relationship among serum markers.Results showed that the detected positive rates of anti-HCV are 3.57%,8.58%,6.25% and 48.38%in normal adults, blood donors, acute hepatitis patients and liver cirrhosis patients respectively;agreement rates between anti-HCV amd HCV RNA are 11.43%,61.11%,80.0%,and 73.33%in the four groups of people above;agreement rates between anti-HCV IgM and HCV RNA are 75.0%,90.9%81.81% and 100%in the same groups of people.Authors pointed out that anti-HCV IgM is superior to anti-HCV in the aspect of revealing HCV viremea. In comparisou with RT-PCR,testing anti-HCV IgM is easier and does not need special instruments,so it is suitable to develop in the basic hygienic units.Testing anti-HCV IgM instead of anti-HCV,the morbidity of post-transfusion hepatitis C can be decreased further.