日本国有铁路改革中存在的问题与经验教训

Problems and Experience in Japan State-owned Railway Reform

日本国有铁路的分割、民营化改革虽然取得巨大成功,但仍然存在一些问题,比如政府对改革后铁路事业经营上的继续干预、在长期债务处理上贻误时机、在剩余人员安排上有失公平、在改革新方案设计上存在缺陷等。妥善解决以上诸问题是推进铁路等公共事业及国有企业改革的必然举措。从世界范围来看,由日本创造的"区域分割"和瑞典率先实行的"上下分离"铁路改革模式,堪称世界铁路乃至国有企业改革史上的典范。日本"国铁"改革的经验教训无疑值得我国借鉴。

Japanese state - owned railway＇ s division and private reform have achieved tremendous success, but still some problems remain, such as ： the government＇ s continuous intervening in reformed railway enterprise＇ s management, affecting the opportunity adversely in long - term debt, handling remainder improperly, and reform plan＇ s designing thoughtfulless. Settling appropriately the problems is an absolutely necessary measure in order to improve railway and other public utilities and state -owned enterprise reform. ＂The district breaking up＂ originated by Japan and ＂seperating from up and down＂ railway reform pattern beginning in Sweden are examples of world railway and even in state - owned enterprise reform history undoubtedly. Japanese ＂state - owned railway＂ reform＇s successful experience deserves our study and consideration.