黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域水土流失治理效益评价——以甘肃定西市高泉小流域为例

Benefit Evaluation of Soil Erosion Control of Small Watershed in Loess Hilly and Gully Regions——Taking Gaoquan Small Watershed in Dingxi of Gansu as an Example

小流域水土流失治理综合效益分析与评价是一个多因素、多目标、多指标综合效益的系统评价问题。通过科学分析,建立黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持综合效益评价系统,并确定系统中各评价因子的评价标准和评价指数。本文根据高泉小流域实际情况,分别从生态效益、经济效益和社会效益着手,选择了16个具有代表性的评价指标,构建了高泉小流域生态与经济互动发展评价模型。运用层次分析法并结合数理统计方法,分别对生态效益、经济效益、社会效益及综合效益进行了初步评价论证。分析结果表明:小流域综合治理是黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理的有效途径;对小流域综合治理后,生态效益最显著;综合效益呈倒"U"型。提出了建立有效的制度保障,明确生态产权,健全生态补偿机制的建议。

Analysis and evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of small watershed soil erosion control are systematical assessments of multi-factor, multi-objective, multi-index evaluation of its effectiveness. This study is to establish an integrated evaluation system through scientific analysis for the effectiveness of the loess plateau soil and water conservation and to determine the evaluation criteria and evaluation index of each factor in the system. Based on the actual situation of Gaoquan small watershed, viewing from the ecological, economic and social benefits respectively and selecting 16 typical evaluation indicators ,we have built a small watershed evaluation model for the interaction between ecological preservation and economic development. By using AHP in combination with methods of mathematical statis- tics,a preliminary evaluation of argumentation was made of the ecological,economic and social benefits as well as the overall efficiency of it. The results show that small basin water-soil loss control is one of the effective approaches in the loess hilly and gulley areas;Comprehensive management of small watershed has the most significant benefit in ecology;Its comprehensive benefits are inverted ＂U＂ type. A proposal is put for ward for the establishment of an effective system of institutional guarantee, clear ecological property rights and ecological compensation mechanism.