论《小序》对“二南”本义的曲解及其原因

On Xiao Xu's Misinterpretation of the Two Poems being Called Nanandits Reasons

《小序》是《诗经》诠释系统中非常重要的组成部分,历代《诗经》研究者都对此十分重视。然而,《小序》对《诗经》许多诗篇,尤其是对《国风》的解释,却是对《诗经》本义的歪曲。宋代学者对《小序》发难,也多半是由于《小序》歪曲了《诗经》的本义。"二南"原本无非是一些男女恋歌诗、婚礼赞歌、妇人思夫歌、祭祀歌、描写劳动场面的诗歌,而《小序》却把它们解释成赞美文王、后妃等人的诗歌,而赞美后妃的序占了"二南"的三分之二。"二南"之《小序》有维护周代宗法制的色彩,打上了鲜明的时代烙印。"二南"之序对诗歌本义的曲解,拉开了《诗经》经世致用的序幕。

Xiao Xu is a very important part of Shi Jing interpreting system, which was thought highly of by generations of researchers. However, Xiao Xu＇s interpretation of Shi Jing, in particular of Guo Feng, is a misinterpretation of Shi Jing＇s original meaning. It is mostly due to its misinterpretation that Song scholars launched an attack on Xiao Xu. Through a comparison between the preface to Nan and the poetry original meaning, this article holds that Xiao Xu misinterpreted the two poems being called Nan. Nan was originally nothing more than some men and women love song poetry, wedding hymn, woman＇ s missing her husband songs, worship songs and poems describing scenes of labor. However, Xiao Xu interpreted them as poetry praising King Wen, consorts and other people, and poetry praising consorts accounted for two-thirds of Nan. After a detailed analysis, this article holds that Nan has the color of maintaining Zhou patriarchal system and marked with a distinctive brand of the times. The misinterpretation of poetry original meaning made by the preface to Nan opened the prelude to Shi Jing＇s statecraft.