老年患者下肢深静脉血栓的预防及护理

The Prevention and Nursing of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Elderly Patients

目的探讨老年患者发生下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的原因及预防护理措施。方法通过对128例老年住院患者采取加强心理护理,疏导患者情绪;经常更换体位,主动或被动活动肢体;进行呼吸及咳嗽练习;保持大便通畅,避免用力排便;给患者穿弹力袜,以利回流;给患者多饮水,输液纠正脱水,降低血液黏稠度;保护血管,不在同一处反复穿刺,避免血小板聚集形成血栓等预见性护理措施,预防下肢深静脉血栓的发生。结果128例老年住院患者中,通过积极预防和护理,下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率为1.5%,大大低于文献报道的10%～20%的发生率。结论对老年住院患者进行早期积极干预,可降低DVT的发生率。

Objective To investigate causes and preventive care measures of elderly bedridden patients with deep venous thrombosis（DVT）.Methods Measures were taken to prevent deep venous thrombosis in 128 hospitalized elderly patients.The measures included：strengthening psychological care,easing patients＇ mood,changing position frequently,moving limbs actively or passively;breathing and coughing exercises;maintaining smooth stool,avoiding the forced defecation;wearing elastic stockings in order to facilitate the blood returning;drinking more water and intravenous infusion to correct dehydration reduces blood viscosity;protecting blood vessels,do not puncture in the same place repeatedly in order to prevent the development of DVT.Results Through active prevention and care,the incidence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis was 1.5% in 128 cases of elderly bedridden patients,which was much lower than that reported in the literature（10%-20%）.Conclusion Early active intervention can reduce the incidence of DVT in bedridden elderly inpatients.