美国城市文学发展轨迹——美国近现代文学史的一种解读

Developing Track of American Urban Literature——An Interpretation of Modern American History of Literature

19世纪中后期随着城市的异军突起,美国出现了大量以城市为背景的文学作品。美国城市文学的发展经历了萌芽、繁荣和转型三个时期:萌芽时期取得了很大的成就,但对城市生活的写照比较零散,不成规模和气候,作家的城市批判和审美意识不强;繁荣时期作品数量丰富,随着作家城市身份的确立,作品中所反映的城市文化价值取向呈现多样化;转型时期则呈现出城市批判角度的多元和城市生活范围的扩大等新特征。

With the sudden rise of cities as a new force from the mid - 19th century to the later half of the centurg,there appeared in America many literary works about city life. The development of urban literature in America experienced three phases： the budding, the prosperous and the transforming periods. In the early period great achievements were made but there were only fragmental descriptions of city life and the whole city picture was not formed and the urban writers＇critical and aesthetic consciousness was not strong enough. In prosperous period the number of works created increased and with the establishment of writers＇ identities diversification of urban culture value appeared in the works. In transforming period multi-critical approaches of urban problems appeared and the range of urban life broadened.