771例小儿下呼吸道感染的病毒病原检测分析

Analysis of etiological agent in 771 children with lower respiratory infection

目的通过检测和分析下呼吸道感染住院患儿的病毒病原学，掌握小儿病毒感染的病原学特点。方法对临床诊断为下呼吸道感染的771例住院患儿下呼吸道分泌物采用直接免疫荧光法进行常见的七种呼吸道病毒抗原检测。结果771例患儿中共有243例病毒检测阳性，总阳性率占31．52％。呼吸道病毒感染与年龄和季节有明显的相关性。哮喘急性发作患儿病毒检出率最高（72．73％）；其次为毛细支气管炎，病毒检出率达58．80％，主要病原为呼吸道合胞病毒；第三位是喘息性支气管炎患儿，病毒检出率为35．56％。结论小儿在不同年龄、不同季节存在不同的病毒感染率。婴幼儿感染率明显高于其他年龄儿童。呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒Ⅲ是小儿下呼吸道感染的主要病毒。病毒感染是喘息的主要原因。

Objective To detect and analyze viral pathogens and the etiological agent distribution of hospitalized children with lower respiratory infection. Methods We adopted direct immuncfluorescence to detect the seven frequent respirevirus antigens from nasopharyngeal secretion in 771 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory infection.Results Virus detection of 243 cases was positive in 771, the total positives ratio was 31.52%. Respirovirus infection had obviously relation with age and season. The positive rate of virus infection was highest in asthma, followed in bronchiohtis and asthmatic bronchitis, which were 58.80% and 35.56% respectively. Coclusion Different ages and different seasons presented different viral infection and different virus types. Infection rate in infant was higher obviously than that in the other ages, respiratovy syncytial virus and parain- fluenza virus were the major virus in lower respiratory infection. Viral infection was important reason to cause children asthma.