树突状细胞与1型糖尿病的关系

Relationship between dendritic cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus

1型糖尿病是一种T淋巴细胞介导的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病，表现为胰岛β细胞的选择性破坏。树突状细胞（DCs）作为体内最重要的专职性抗原递呈细胞，在1型糖尿病的发病机制中具有极其重要的作用。DCs具有功能上的可塑性，不同类型DCs、不同成熟状态的DCs以及DCs所处微环境的不同，都将诱导其产生不同的功能状态。通过调节DCs的不同功能状态促进中枢或外周免疫耐受、扩展胰岛特异性调节性T细胞（CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg cell）、以及介导辅助性T（Th）细胞发生Th1／Th2细胞的免疫偏离，可诱导免疫耐受，预防1型糖尿病的发生。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus （TI DM） is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by selective destruction of the pancreatic β cells. As one of the main professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells（DCs） play an important role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. DCs have functional plasticity, different types or maturities of DCs and the different microenvironments they belong to can induce DCs to display different functions. By regulating different functions of DCs to promote central or peripheral tolerance, expanding islet-specific regulate T cells and mediating the polarization of naive T cells into T helper type 1 （Th1） or Th2 cells,immune tolerance can be induced and the happening of T1DM may be prevented.