从性别视角分析影响研究生心理问题的相关因素与对策

A Analysis of Factors Affecting the Graduates' Psychological Problems From the Perspective of Gender

目的通过从性别视角分析影响研究生心理问题的相关因素,寻找解决的方法和对策。方法对551名在读研究生进行问卷调查,所有数据进行统计分析。结果研究生存在的主要心理问题首位是压力问题,为69.9%;其次为职业发展问题,占68.4%;职业发展和人格问题的检出率男女生存在差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。影响研究生心理问题的社会因素中最常见的是就业压力、学业压力、经济压力、人际关系;男女生在就业压力、经济压力、社会文化压力上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。影响男女研究生心理问题的生物因素中最常见的是生理年龄、躯体疾病、性别关系,男女生在3者上的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。7项影响研究生心理问题的认知因素中,对现实问题的误解和错误评价、价值观的冲突、认知能力和成长错误观念、记忆中持久的负性情绪检出率较高,分别为53.0%、42.1%、39.9%和34.1%;记忆中持久的负性情绪的检出率女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),反逻辑思维不良归因的检出率男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论研究生的心理问题不容乐观,部分影响因素上存在性别差异。

Objective To explore the factors affecting graduates＇ psychological problems from the perspective of gender and try to find the ways to improve them. Method 551 graduate students selected were investigated with the questionnaire and all the statistics were analyzed. Results The main psychological problems of gradu ate students were showed as follows： the first one was the pressure problem,accounting for 69.9% of the to tal; the second one was vocational development,68.4%. The differences of detection rates between male and female on vocational development and personality disorder were statistically significant（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The differences in employment pressure, economic pressure, social and cultural pressure between male and fe male were significant statistically（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Of the biological factors affecting graduates＇ psychological problem, the commonest were physiological age, physical disease and gender relations. The differences in these three aspects were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. In the 7 cognitive factors affecting graduates＇ psychological problems the detection rates of misunderstanding or improper estimate of practical problems, conflict of values, cognitive preference and misconception in growth, and lasting negative emotions in memory were 53.0% ,42.1% ,39.9% and 34.1% respectively. Female＇s negative emotions last longer than male＇s （P〈0.01）. Male＇s negative attribution of anti-logical thinking was higher than female＇s （P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion Psychological problems of graduate students are not optimistic. Some influential factors are different between male and female.