黑土区长期施肥后土壤供氮能力与氮肥利用特征的研究

The Characteristics of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrogen Supplying after Long-term Fertilization in Black Soil

利用采自中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站长期定位试验地土样,进行框栽试验,种植玉米,比较了长期不同施肥后黑土供氮能力的变化特征和长期不同施肥对氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与长期不施肥处理相比,施肥能显著增加土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、可矿化氮含量和土壤生产力、植株吸氮量;与长期单施化肥相比,化肥配施有机肥能够提高土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、可矿化氮含量和土壤生产力、植株吸氮量。长期不施肥处理土壤的氮肥利用率最高,其次为长期单施化肥处理,氮肥利用率最低为化肥配施有机肥处理,这进一步说明长期施肥能够提高土壤氮素肥力。图3,表3,参13。

The experiment was carried out to study the characteristics of nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen supplying of lack soil in Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences after long-term fertilization. The results showed that compared with control （no fertilizer application） , applying fertilizer could increase the content of soil ammonia, soil nitrate, mineralizable N, plant N and soil productivity obviously; compared with single application of nitrogen fertilizer, chemical fertilizer amended with manure could increase the content of soil ammonia, soil nitrate, mineralizable N, plant N and soil productivity significantly. Moreover, with applying nitrogen fertilizer into the sample soils which were collected from long-term fertilization plot, we found that the highest efficiency of N was in no fertilizer soil, however, the lowest efficiency of nitrogen appeared in nitrogen fertilizer together with manure soil.