2247名中学生的自我效能、自尊与积极/消极情感

Self-efficacy,self-esteem,and positive/negative affect in 2247 adolescents

目的:探讨中学生自我效能、自尊与积极、消极情感及其四者之间的关系。方法:采用问卷调查法,对从6个地区16所中学抽取的2247中学生施测Rosenberg自尊、自我效能以及中学生情感量表,分析性别和年级差异以及自尊在自我效能和情感体验中的中介作用。结果:自尊有随年级而增高的趋势,从初一到高三自尊量表得分依次为:[(2.91±0.38),(2.93±0.41),(3.01±0.41),(2.98±0.44),(3.04±0.41),(3.17±0.42)];男生自我效能得分高于女生[(2.74±0.39)vs.(2.68±0.40),P<0.001],初三、高三年级学生自我效能得分高于其他年级(P<0.05);女生积极、消极情感得分均高于男生[(2.77±0.67)vs.(2.68±0.67),(2.22±0.70)vs.(2.13±0.68),Ps<0.005],初一学生积极情感得分最高(2.85±0.62),高一、高二学生消极情感得分最高[(2.26±0.71)vs.(2.25±0.73)]。自我效能、自尊与积极情感正相关(r=0.24,0.36),与消极情感负相关(r=-0.17,-0.32);自我效能与自尊正相关(r=0.47),均P<0.001;自尊中介自我效能与积极/消极情感的关系,中介效应显著(Z=13.00,-13.07)。结论:自尊随年级而提升;男生自我效能高于女生;女生的积极、消极情感均高于男生;在控制性别和年级的条件下,自尊中介自我效能对于积极/消极情感体验的影响。

Objective： To exploration the self-efficacy, self-esteem, and positive/negative affect and the relationships among them in Chinese adolescents. Methods： The Rosenberg＇s Self-Esteem Scale, Generalized Self-Ef- ficacy Scale, and Adolescents Positive/Negative Affect Scale were administrated to 2247 middle school students sampled from 16 schools from 6 districts. Results： Self-esteem tended to increase as grade [ （2.91 ±0. 38）, （2. 93 ±0.41）, （3.01±0.41）, （2.98±0.44）, （3.04±0.41）, （3.17±0.42）] . Boys had higher self-efficacy [ （ 2. 74± 0. 39） vs. （ 2. 68 ± 0.40 ）, P 〈 0.001 ] . Two senior grades had higher self-efficacy than other 4 grades （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Girls had higher positive and negative affect [ （ 2. 77±0. 67 ） vs. （ 2. 68 ±0. 67 ）, （ 2. 22± 0.70 ） vs. （2. 13 ±0. 68） , Ps 〈0. 05] . Junior grade one had the highest positive effect （2. 85 ±0. 62） , grade one and two in high school had more negative effect than other 4 grades （ 2. 26 ± 0. 71, 2. 25 ± 0. 73 ） . Self-efficacy and self-esteem were positively correlated with positive affect （ r = 0. 24, 0. 36 ）, negatively correlated with negative affect （ r = - 0. 17, - 0. 32 ） ; self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and positive/ negative affect （ Z = 13.00, - 13.07 ） . Conclusion： Self-esteem tends to increase as grade, boys have higher self-efficacy than girls, and girls have higher positive and negative affect than boys. Self-esteem mediates the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and positive/negative affect in Chinese adolescents after controlling the effects of gender and grade.