316名大学生特质焦虑及性别差异与风险回避的关系

Effect of trait anxiety and gender difference on risk-avoidant in decision-making in 316 college students

目的:探讨特质焦虑、性别差异与个体风险回避的关系。方法:采用状态-特质焦虑问卷在328名大学生中进行测试,收回有效问卷316份。根据受试特质焦虑问卷的测试结果,把得分≥53分的受试作为高特质焦虑组(N=30),把得分≤30分的受试作为低特质焦虑组(N=30);实验材料为自编的10个假设风险情景,要求受试做风险决策;然后,假定决策的结果为负性,采用Likert量表,要求受试对自己主观损失感进行评定。结果:高特质焦虑组风险回避得分高于低特质焦虑组[(5.97±1.53)vs.(3.27±1.25),P<0.01];男生风险回避得分低于女生[(2.78±1.37)vs.(6.46±1.26),P<0.01];在风险回避得分上,特质焦虑水平与性别有交互作用(F=7.43,P<0.01)。男生的反应时长于女生[高特质焦虑组:(1586.47±10.352)vs.(1067.52±18.468);低特质焦虑组:(643.46±36.759)vs.(498.36±9.673),均P<0.01]。女生的主观损失感与特质焦虑水平的相关系数大于男生(Z=2.15,P<0.05)。结论:特质焦虑水平和性别差异对个体风险回避产生显著影响;高特质焦虑组和女生组在风险决策中有更多的风险回避。

Objective： To explore the relationship of trait anxiety, gender difference and risk averse. Methods： A test was conducted firstly in 328 college students with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The participants with a score ≥ 53 were termed as high trait-anxiety group （ N = 30 ）, in contrast to the former, the participants with a score ≤ 30 were treated as the low trait-anxiety （ N =30 ） . The material was 10 hypothesized risk settings, asking the participants to do decision-making, at the same time, the participants were also required to access their subjective cost if the result of their decision was negative; recording the scores and the reaction time of the participants. Results： The risk-avoidant score in high trait-anxiety group was significantly higher than that in low trait-anxiety group [ （ 5.97 ± 1.53 ） vs.（ 3.27 ± 1.25）, P 〈 0. 01 ], and the risk-avoidant score in males was significantly higher than that in females [ （2.78 ± 1.37 ） vs. （6.46 ± 1.26）, P 〈0. 01 ] . There also had significant interaction effects between the 2 variables （ F = 7.43, P 〈0. 01 ） . The reaction time in males was also longer than that in females [ high-trait anxiety ： （ 1586.47 ± 10. 352 ） vs. { 1067.52 ± 18.468 ） ; lowtrait anxiety ： { 643.46 ± 36. 759 ） vs. （ 498. 36 ± 9. 673 ）; P 〈 0. 01 ] . The correlation between subjective loss and trait-anxiety in females was higher than that in males（Z =2. 15, P 〈0.05） . Conelusion. There is significant effect of trait-anxiety and gender difference on risk-avoidant decision-making. The high-trait and female individuals have more risk-avoidant in decision-making.