高速列车再生制动防滑控制及仿真研究

Simulation Research on the Anti-Skid Control under the Regenerative Braking of High-Speed Train

为了高速列车在制动过程中获得最佳黏着力,防止车轮打滑或空转,需要对电机输出转矩进行控制。为此建立异步电机的数学模型和1/4车辆纵向动力学模型,采用直接转矩控制策略控制电机;采用改进的递归最小二乘法预测黏滑曲线的斜率,以判断车轮处于黏着还是滑动状态;利用滑模变结构算法获得最佳参考制动力矩。变轨面条件下的仿真结果表明,上述方法能够有效使切线力系数保持在最大值附近,使滑移率保持在最佳值附近,从而防止因车轮打滑而损伤轮轨。

In order to obtain the best adhesive force of high-speed train as well as prevent the skid and the idling of wheel during the braking process, it is necessary to control the output torque of the motor. Therefore, the mathematical model of the induction motor and 1/4 longitudinal dynamic model of the vehicle was established. Direct torque control （DTC） strategy was used to control the induction motor and the improved recursive least squares （RLS） method was adopted to forecast the slope of the stick-slip curve so as to judge whether the wheel was at adhesive or sliding state. Sliding mode variable structure algorithm was used to obtain the optimal reference braking torque. Simulation results under the condition of changing the rail surface show that the method mentioned above can effectively keep the coefficient of the tangential force around the maximum and the slip ratio around the optimal value. Wheel and rail damage caused by wheel skid can be prevented accordingly.