不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的胁迫效应

On toxic effect of different oils upon crab and shrimp larvae

了解不同油类对虾蟹类幼体的急性毒性效应。曝油处理采用磁力搅拌器搅拌,一定时间的超声波乳化等操作,模拟溢油在海洋中风浪、涡动、湍流的乳化过程;设置阶梯浓度组,并在多个平行组急性试验的基础上,估算出8种油品对2种虾类和2种蟹类的半致死质量浓度LC50和安全质量浓度MPC,并运用程序编制溢油质量浓度与虾蟹类死亡率相关性的估算模型。经过分析,结果得到:各MPC值参差不齐,差距较大;燃料油普遍比原油的毒性效应大;相同生长阶段,蟹类比虾类抗油毒害性强、中国明对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis比日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus japonicus抗油毒害性强、锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata比三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatu抗油毒害性强。编制的溢油质量浓度与死亡率相关性的评估模型,简易方便直观,为渔业污染事故理赔提供了一定的参考价值,亦为海域的生态经济学评估提供了一种新的研究方法。

This study was to find out how different oil products affect crab and shrimp larvae. During the experiment magnetic stirrer was used to complete oil exposure, and ultrasonic emulsification was applied to simulate the emulsification process of oils under different circumstances in the sea. Based on the experiment, LC50 and MPC of 8 kinds of oil on two kinds of shrimps and two kinds of crabs were estimated, and a program was used to establish the estimation model on correlation between oil concentrations and mortality rate of crabs and shrimps. Results showed that： the MPC was variable with considerable differences; the toxic effect of fuel oil was larger than that of crude oil; At the same growth stage, the crab had stronger antitoxic capacity than that of the shrimp, Fen- neropenaeus chinensis had stronger antitoxic capacity than that of Marsupenaeus japonicus, and so as Scylla serratea than Portunus trituberculatu. The estimation model on the correlation between oil concentrations and mortality was simple and visually convenient. It can provide valuable references for accident claims of fisheries pollution, as well as provide a new research method to assess the ecological economics in different waters.