黄土高原半干旱区覆膜玉米土壤温度的变异特征

variation of soil temperature about plastic film mulching Maize in semi-arid Areas,the Loess plateau

黄土高原半干旱丘陵山区受特殊的地理、地形以及水文气象条件的影响,造成农业生产播种难、出苗率低等问题,严重制约着农业的发展,但通过覆膜坐水技术能够起到抗旱保墒、提高地温、改善土壤肥效等作用。以哲单7号玉米Zea maysL为供试品种,在设置对比试验小区(覆膜与不覆膜)的基础上,通过分析覆膜玉米土壤温度变异特征,描述了覆膜后增温、提墒、增产的过程,研究结果表明:覆膜处理与不覆膜处理相比,增温最明显的时期出现在出苗到拔节阶段,且10cm和20cm处的温差表现为最大,可增温2.5℃左右,而后期增温减慢,播种后覆膜增温为玉米发芽生长提供了良好的生长环境,大大提高了出苗率,为作物节水增产提供了必要条件。

Study area is located in typical semi-arid mountain area, the Loess plateau. As the impact of special geography, terrain and the hydro meteorological conditions, there are some problems, such as low temperature, planting difficulty and so on, which seri- ously restrict the development of agriculture. However the technology of plastic film mulching can enhance soil moisture and in- crease the temperature, improve soil fertilizer. Based on setting contrast test area for No.7 ZHE-Dan maze, and by analyzing the characteristics of soil temperature variation on plastic film mulching maize to describe the process of improving temperature, in- creasing soil moisture and yield. The following results were obtained： compared with the non- plastic film mulching, increase in value of soil temperature is obvious for plastic film mulching Maize form seedling to jointing stage, and appearance of the largest temperature difference is between 10 cm and 20 cm, which is about 2.5 ℃, then warming slowly, warming can provide a good envi- ronment for the maize growth.