胡适别墨逻辑思想研究

On HU Shih's Study of Neo-Mohist Logic

"别墨"是胡适对墨子后人中研究科学和逻辑学的墨家学派的称谓。胡适认为别墨是《墨辩》六篇的作者。胡适的别墨逻辑思想可分为三部分:重新评估《小取》篇的地位和价值;论证《墨辩》中的"效"、"譬"、"侔"、"援"、"推"诸种推理形式的性质;论惠施和公孙龙的逻辑。胡适在研究别墨的逻辑思想时运用了比较的方法而不是简单地比附,分析出别墨逻辑不同于西方逻辑和印度因明的特殊性一面,这意味着中国逻辑史研究的学科自觉。但胡适将惠施和公孙龙归入别墨学派中加以研究,这种混淆名墨两派的观点招致了后人的严厉批评。

Abstract： Neo-Mohism was named by Hu Shih to refer to the distinct branch of scientific and logical Mohism school after the death of Moh Tih. Hu Shih＇ s study can be divided in three parts ： first of all, he reassessed the value of the sixth book of Moh Tih Texts.Second he summarized the deductive forms of them. Third, he studied the logical thought of Hui Sze and Kung-sun lung .Hu shin＇s study distinguished the special characters of Neo-Mohist logic, which means self-conscious in the study of Chinese logic Meariwhile Hu Shih was also sharply criticized for regarding Hui Sze and Kung-sun Lung as the legitimate representatives of the school of Moh Tih.