传统士大夫缘何走上维新之路——以刘光第为视点

The Reasons of the Traditional Scholar Official Steps up to the Road of Reform——In Perspective of LIU Guang-di

作为一个传统的士大夫,刘光第缘何走向维新之路,其原因有三,第一是"三爱"思想,即爱国、爱民、爱乡,三者合一,促使刘光第在人生道路选择上将自身命运与国家、民众、家乡连接在一起,最终助推了他走向维新之路。第二是家贫与出仕,生活的困苦促使他必须出仕,必须有所作为,参与维新乃是路径。第三是自身素质,如忍耐、勤勉、慎言、变革思维、忧患意识等,这有助于他与维新派思想上的相通、暗合。总之,刘光第走向维新之路的原因是多方面的,学界笼统地将之归为爱国一点,不足取。由刘光第推而广之,我国传统士大夫走上维新之路,在近代社会大变革的舞台上分化、转型而生成新的认知,其中自然蕴涵着共性的存在——爱国情怀,而其个人的内在因素及自身素质,也是左右其分化结果的重要所在。这种历史发展的个性分析,有助于我们全面探求近代社会的原生形态。

There are three reasons to explain why LIU Guang-di, a traditional scholar official, chooses to go to the reform road. The first is due to his thought of love： love to his motherland, to his people and to his hometown. They connect with each other tightly, which urges him to connect his own fate with his country, people and hometown in his life. The second is due to the distress of his fam- ily and the wish to seize powers. The hardship of life makes him have no choice except pursuing powers. To him, joining in the reform revolution is the appropriate outlet. The third is due to his own quality and capability such as tolerance, diligence, caution, the thought of transform and misery consciousness, which speeds up communication and assimilation. In a word, the reason why LIU Guang-di steps up the road of reform is various. It is not comprehensive that the academic circles put down the reason to his love to the country merely.