人工诱导盘鲍异源雌核发育多倍体的初步研究

Study on Artificial Culturing of Artificial Heterologous Gynogenesis Polyploidy Abalone Haliotis discus discus

通过预实验,观察和了解在24.8℃下九孔鲍精子与盘鲍卵子授精,及其受精卵第一极体和第二极体出现的时间.采用不同浓度的乙烯脲失活九孔鲍精子的遗传物质,确定其最佳处理浓度和处理时间.遗传物质失活的九孔鲍精子和盘鲍卵子授精,用CB进行不同持续处理时间抑制受精卵第一极体和第二极体出现的方法诱导多倍体.实验结果表明,在水温24.8℃下,作为失活九孔鲍精子遗传物质的乙烯脲,当其质量分数为0.5‰和处理时间为10 min是比较适宜的;用遗传物质失活的九孔鲍精子与盘鲍卵子授精,在授精后10 min,用浓度为1.0 mg.dm-3的CB持续处理受精卵24 min,表观三倍体率达65%以上,表观四倍体率达5%左右.稚鲍的倍性检查中,雌核发育多倍体占总多倍体数的80%,杂交多倍体占20%.盘鲍异源雌核发育的三倍体率达到93%,四倍体率为3%左右.

The plordy of abalone, Haliotis discus discus was induced by the use of 2-Imidazolidinone and Cytochalasins B （CB）. The ideal temperature for zygotes developing into the first and second polar bodies was determined by the preliminary test. Then different 2-Imidazolidinone concentrations were processed to sperm of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, and the best treatment concentration and treatment time were con- firmed. Different CB continued treatment time was applied continuously in time intervals in order to determine the best methodology for inhibiting the development of the first and second polar bodies. The results indicated that the ideal combination for maximizing triploidization was located when water temperature is below 24. 8 ℃ and 2-Imidazolidinone is applied at concentration of O. 5 %0. In approximately 10 minutes, tfiploidization is induced when CB is applied at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L, after 10 minutes, in approximately 24 minutes triploidization is induced, with superficial triploid rates as high as 65 % and superficial tetraploid rates as high as 5 %. By detection of abalone larvae, therein, gynogenesis polyploidy rates were measured as high as 80 %, mongrel polyploidy rates about 20 %. Artificially heterologous gynogenesis triploidization abalone Haliotis discus discus rates as high as 93 %, tetraploid abalone rates came close to 3 %. This paper also dis- cusses other issues associated with inducing artificial heterologous gynogenesis polyploidy abalone.