中国海域钵水母类(Scyphomedusae)区系的研究

Study on the Fauna of the Scyphomedusae in the China Sea

报道了分布在中国海域45种钵水母类的种类组成、生态类群、地理分布及其各海区区系特点,并与邻近海域相比较.研究表明:南海区钵水母类属于印度-马来区系,与马来半岛和菲律宾海域的十分相似;东海区钵水母类属于亚热带区系,与日本南部海域的较为相似;而渤海-黄海区的钵水母类属暖温带区系,与日本北部海域的十分相似.白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)、海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)、黄斑海蜇(Rhopilema hispidum)和口冠水母(Stomolophus meleagris)是中国沿岸大型水母的优势种;近岸暖水性类群是中国海域的优势类群.中国海域钵水母类的地理分布与中国沿岸流和暖流特征相一致.

There were 45 species of Scyphomedusae have been collected in China Sea by far. Of these, 7 species were identified belonging to Stauromedusae, 3 to Cubomdusae, 7 to Coronatae, 8 to Semaeostome- ae and 20 to Rhizostomeae, respectively. The distributions of Scyphomedusae in different part of China Sea are listed as follows： 4 species occurred in the Bohai Sea, 16 in the Yellow Sea, 36 in the East China Sea and 30 in the South China Sea, respectively. The result suggests that the numbers of species along the coast of China decreases with the increase of latitudes. Cyanea nozakii, Rhopilema esculentum, Rhopilema hispi- dum and Stomolophus meleagris were the dominant macro-jellyfish species in the coast of China. Stomolophus me/eagr/s mainly distributes over the coasts of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, and Rhopilema hispiclum distributes over the coasts of south part of East China Sea and north part of South China Sea. It could be divided into six ecological groups according to the ecological characteristics of the Scyphomedusae fauna in the China Sea. The inshore warm-watergroups was the dominant in the China Sea. Based on the composition of ecological groups, Scyphomedusae in the South China Sea were similar to that of those in the Malayan and Philippines Sea belonging to the Indo-Malayan fauna. Those in the East China Sea were similar to that of those in the Southern coast of Japan belonging to tropical-subtropical fauna. Those in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were similar to that of those in the Northern coast of Japan belonging to the North Temperate Zone fauna. The geo- graphical distribution of the Scyphomedusae corresponds to the characteristics of the coastal current and warm- water current in China Sea.