青岛近海大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

Study on species diversity of macrobenthic fauna in the coastal waters of Qingdao

根据2007年1月、4月和10月对青岛近海15个站位3个航次的调查资料，初步分析了青岛近海大型底栖动物的物种多样性现状，以种类组成、生物量和栖息密度为基础，应用香农．威纳指数、物种丰富度指数以及物种均匀度指数对青岛近海大型底栖牛物的群落结构、种类组成、优势种以及数量动态趋势进行了分析。结果表明：本次调查共采到底栖动物226种，其中多毛类119利，甲壳动物58种，软体动物23种，棘皮动物12种。各站种类数在2～52种之间，种类最少的出现在海域东北部的S2站，最多的出现在西南部的S15站。各站物种多样性指数差别较大，最大的为10月的S12站，最小的为1月S2站。物种丰富度的季节变化较显著，物种多样性和物种均匀度季肖变化不显著。

We surveyed the macrofauna diversity at 15 sampling stations in the coastal waters of Qingdao during 3 cruises from Jan. 2007 to Oct. 2007. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness and richness indices are used to study the distributional trends of community structure, the distributional trends of species assemblages, dominant species and abundance of macrobenthic fauna in the coastal waters of Qingdao. A total of 226 species macrobenthic were obtained, of which 119 of Polyehaeta, 58 of Crustaeea, 23 of Mollusca and 12 of Echinodermata. The dominant species are Callianassajaponica, Sigambra bassi etc. The number of species was about 2-52 per sample station. The lowest number, 2 species, was found in S2.The maximum number, 52 species, was found in S15. There was great difference of Shannon-Wiener index between each sample, the highest was 3.35, recorded in Oct. 2007 from S12, the lowest was 0.33, recorded in Jan. 2007 from S2. Margalef＇s richness index （D） demonstrated distinct seasonal variations： they were lower in January and higher in October.