深圳湾海域环境容量及污染总量控制研究——Ⅰ.潮汐、潮流数值模拟

Study on environmental capacity and pollution total quantity control of Shenzhen Bay Ⅰ. Numerical simulation of tide and tidal current

基于美国普林斯顿大学的POM(Princeton Ocean Model)模型,将干湿网格技术引入到模型中,利用模型的外模式(二维)对深圳湾海域的潮汐、潮流和余流进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果与实测值吻合较好。计算结果表明:深圳湾海域属不正规半日潮,水平潮流具有明显的往复流性质,主要呈西南—东北走向;落潮流速略大于涨潮流速;受地形及陆地河流径流的影响,湾中到湾口及航道附近流速较大,湾顶和靠近香港的滩涂部分流速较小;深圳湾余流场较弱,余流流向指向湾外;整个深圳湾水交换较弱,海域自净能力较差。

A POM model coupling with a wetting and drying scheme is employed to simulate the tide, tidal current and residual current of Shenzhen Bay by using the external mode （two-dimensional） of the model. The simulated results agree well with the measured ones. The results show that the tide of Shenzhen Bay is mainly irregular semidiumal and the horizontal tidal current is reversing current, mainly in southwest-northeast direction. The current velocity of ebb tide is slightly larger than that of flood tide. By the influence of topography and river runoff, the current velocity is larger near the channel, in the middle and the mouth of the bay, whereas the current velocity is smaller in the bay top and the beach part near Hong Kong. The residual current is weaker flow outwards the bay. The water exchange of the whole sea area is weaker and the self-purification capacity is poorer.