论继承法对债权人利益的保护——从限定继承与放弃继承制度入手

Protection of Creditor's Interests by the Inheritance Law——From the Viewpoint of Limited Inheritance and Disclaiming Inheritance Systems

限定继承制度与放弃继承制度从本质上来说都有保护继承人的固有财产、不被用来强制清偿被继承人债务的作用。我国继承法对两种制度的规定很好地体现了对继承人合法利益的保护,但却忽视了对遗产债权人合法权益的维护,没有做到对继承人与遗产债权人利益保护的平衡。文章介绍了我国限定继承制度的现状,从引进有条件的限定继承制度,及时声明接受限定继承并制作遗产清册、设定遗产管理人等六个方面对该制度进行了评析与完善;介绍了我国放弃继承制度的现状,并从放弃继承的期限、方式和效力,放弃继承后对放弃的应继份的归属问题,关于放弃继承可否附条件或期限等五个方面对其进行了评析与完善。

The limited inheritance and disclaiming inheritance systems can protect the heirs＇ inherent property from being paid off forcefully as the intestate＇ s debts in their nature. The provisions in our Inheritance Law concerning the two systems reflect this protection well, whereas ignore the protection of creditors＇ legitimate interests. This paper first introduces the current situation of limited inheritance, and tries to evaluate and perfect it from six aspects, such as to introduce conditional limited inheritance, to state acceptance of limited inheritance and to make account of executors in time, to set up administrator etc. Then it introduces the current situation of disclaiming inheritance, and tries to evaluate and perfect it from five aspects, such as, the time limit, methods and effect of disclaiming inheritance, the ownership of the portion of estate, whether the disclaiming inheritance can have conditions or time limits etc.