浅析学术职业的历史发展形态

A Brief Analysis on the Historical Styles of Academic Profession Development

虽然学术职业是西方高等教育研究中的专门术语,但以学术作为物质意义上的职业在人类文明发展史上有其历史发展形态,即:学术职业的官学形态、宗师形态和专业化形态。本文对这三种形态的产生、发展及其主要特点进行了分析,认为尽管当前专业化形态是学术职业存在的主要形态,但官学形态、宗师形态仍然对各国的学术职业发展有着深刻的影响。学术职业历史形态的研究主要是为解决渊源于历史和文化传统的学术职业问题提供参考。

Though academic profession is a specific concept of the Western higher education study, it has several historical styles in the development of human civilization, that is, the official - study style, the master type and the professionalized style. The paper analyzes the origin, development and main characters of three styles. It considers that the official - study style and master style still have profound effect on the development of academic profession in different countries though the professionalized style is the main existence of the current academic profession. The research on the historical styles of academic profession is mainly for understanding the problems originated from history and culture.