郑州沿黄区地下水资源开发利用

Study on development and utilization of groundwater resources along Yellow River in Zhengzhou

为实现郑州沿黄区地下水资源可持续开发利用,避免或减少地下水水源地集中开采对区域生态地质环境产生不利影响,对区内地下水位、水质、开采量等环境地质条件进行了近10年的连续监测。利用实测、遥感解译、水均衡及数值模拟计算等方法,重新计算验证了各项水文地质参数,对水源地的允许开采量进行了复核性开采验证。研究结果表明:地下水水源地开采不会对黄河大堤稳定性及黄河河道造成大的影响;小浪底水库运行后,造成水源地水位降深增加了1.5 m,但黄河的补给量基本未变;河道北移在800 m以内时对水源地的影响不大。针对水源地范围内存在农渔业用水模式的改变及对地下水的无序开发问题,提出了应加强对水源地的立法保护,采取地表水、地下水联合调度和"采补调蓄"措施,是实现沿黄地下水资源可持续开发与生态环境和谐的关键。

In order to realize the development and utilization of groundwater resources along the Yellow River, and to avoid or reduce the harmful effects of centralized exploitation on the ecological and geological environment, ten years of continuous monitoring of the water table, groundwater quality, groundwater yield and some other changes in environmental geology was carried out in the study area. The hydrogeological parameters were recalculated and the safe groundwater yield in the groundwater source area was verified with the methods of surveying, remote sensing interpretation, and water balance and numerical modeling. The results indicated that the exploitation of underground sources had little influence on the stability of the Yellow River embankment; the groundwater showed a 1.5m drawdown in the groundwater source area after the operation of the Xiaolangdi dam began, but the recharge of the Yellow River showed no change; and the northward movement of the river within 800 m had little influence on the groundwater source area. Due to the changing modes of water utilization of agriculture and fisheries and the problems of disorderly exploitation of groundwater, the legislation protection of the groundwater source area should be enhanced, and joint planning for groundwater and surface water, adoption of exploitation, supplements, and regulation of water resources are the key ways to realize harmonious eco-environmental and sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources.