墨家“义”思想及其当代价值

On the Yi of Mohist and Its Modern Value

义是墨家学说的伦理总则和精神实质,兼爱、非攻等道德原则是义这一上位概念下的具体原则。义在墨家思想体系中具有法天、兴利、举公的内在特征。法天明义思想和儒学的道统精神共同孕育了后世对恶政的批判和改造精神,以利达义思想首倡了群体导向的功利主义,举公正义思想是传统社会大同情怀的重要渊源。墨家义思想启示我们要建立惩罚机制,维护道德有效运行,倡导友爱互助,建立和谐人际关系,防止假公济私,促进社会公平正义。

Yi is the general ethical principle and the essential spirit of Mohist, some other norms like Jian - ai and Pei - gong are the particular principles guided by the Yi. And Yi has the inner characters of coming from the Heaven （Tian） for the total people＇ s benefits. It comes from the Heaven, so it conceives the sprit of criticizing and changing the bad Kingdom. The idea that Yi is always related to the benefits starts the utilitarianism of China. And the idea of Yi is for the total people＇ s benefit is an origin of the Great Harmony Ideal of traditional society. So, the Yi of Mohist tells us we should establish the punishment mechanism for the virtuous circle of morality, sparkplug the brotherliness between persons for the harmonious society, and prevent using public office for private gain for the justice of our society.