栽培措施对南方红豆杉紫杉醇含量的影响

Effect of Cultivation Measures on the Taxol Content of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

选择不同年龄、不同生长季节的南方红豆杉人工栽培幼树及通过不同海拔地和不同施肥措施的栽培试验，研究不同采收年龄、器官、部位和季节及不同栽培措施对南方红豆杉短周期药用林紫杉醇含量的影响。研究结果表明：南方红豆杉不同年龄幼树及其不同器官和部位的紫杉醇含量差异很大。1、2年生幼树枝叶紫杉醇含量明显高于3～4年生幼树；在不同器官中，根皮紫杉醇含量最高，树皮和枝条皮部次之，叶片和树干木质部含量最低；在树冠不同部位中，以上部枝叶的紫杉醇含量最高，中部次之，下部最低。在一年中，以气候条件适宜的5月及秋冬季的1月与9-12月时的枝叶紫杉醇含量较高，而在气温高、光照辐射强的7—8月幼树枝叶紫杉醇含量低；考虑到截干促萌需要，南方红豆杉适宜的采收季节为11-12月及次年的1月。栽植地的海拔高度对幼树枝叶的紫杉醇含量影响显著，较高海拔地因夏季气候条件适宜而有利于紫杉醇生物合成。在生产上提倡使用有机肥以促进南方红豆杉幼林的生长和生物量积累，同时不影响紫杉醇的合成。

Filed trials at different altitudes and consisting of different fertihzation treatments were conducted using different aged young trees of Taxus chinensis var. mairei at different growing seasons. The effects of age, organ, position, and season of harvesting, as well as cultivation method on the taxol content in T. chinensis var. mairei seedling in short-rotation plantation were also studied. Significant differences in taxol content were demonstrated among young trees of different ages, organs and positions. The taxol content in branches and leaves of 1--2 years old seedlings was significantly higher than that in 3---~ years old seedling. The taxol content in root bark was the highest, followed by the stem bark and branch bark. By contrast, the taxol content in leaves and stem xylem was the lowest. Among different parts of crown, the taxol content in the upper branches and leaves was the highest, followed by the middle and the lower part. For different growing seasons, the taxol content in branches and leaves was relatively higher in January, May and the period from September to December, whereas it was low in growing stage from July to August, when the temperature was hot and the trunk-cutting-off, the appropriate harvesting seasons for T. January. The altitudes of planting sites had significant effect light radiation was strong. Considering the necessity of chinensis var. mairei were November, December and on the taxol content in the branches and leaves of young trees, as the higher altitude was beneficial to the biosynthesis of taxol. It was demonstrated that organic fertilizers could be applied to promote the growth and biomass accumulation of T. chinensis var. mairei seedlings, without the impact on the biosynthesis of taxol.