生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究

Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area

研究发现，沙漠区植被对地下水水位埋深具有很强的依赖性，揭示了陕北榆神府矿区内合理生态地下水位埋深为1．5～5．0m，煤层开采的导水裂隙导致地下水位下降，表生生态退化，控制地下水水位是生态脆弱矿区科学开采的核心。室内模拟实验和开采实践表明，当煤层上覆隔水岩组厚度≥33～35倍采高时，煤层开采不会导致地下水位下降；煤层上覆隔水岩组厚度≤18倍采高时，煤层开采会破坏隔水层，导致水位下降；18～35倍采高时，可采取“限制采高”等措施实现保水开采。剖析了煤层、含水层的空间关系，划分了保水开采条件分区，提出了区域采煤方法规划方案，指出以控制地下水水位为目标，以采动隔水层稳定性分区为基础，以采煤方法规划为手段的开采方法是生态脆弱矿区煤炭资源科学开采的有效途径。

The study find that the desert area vegetation is dependence the depth of groundwater level. It is revealed that the proper groundwater level for vegetation is 1.5 - 5.0 m in Yu-Shen-Fu Miming Area in the North Shaanxi Province. The mining fracture zone decreases the ground water level and causes hypergene ecosystems retrogression. So, water level control is the core of scientific mining in the ecological fragile mining area. Mining practice and simulation model tests show that if the thickness of resisting overburden is equal or greater than 33 - 35 times mining height, coal mining will not decrease the ground water level, if the thickness of resisting overburden equal or less than 18 times mining height, coal mining must destroy aquiclude and decrease the ground water level, and when it is in 33 - 35 times mining height, the proper mining method as ＂restricting mining height method＂ can be use for water protection. The effective approach of scientific mining can be carried by the mining method plan with the water level control as the aim and the subarea of coal mining condition as the base in the ecological fragile mining area.