广州市某高校动物实验室生物安全事件的调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Reasons of Laboratory Infection of HFRS in a University in Guangzhou

目的分析广州市某高校肾综合症出血热实验室感染事件的原因,探讨维护动物实验室生物安全的预防控制措施。方法开展现场流行病学调查,采集人血、鼠血标本进行出血热抗体检测,采集鼠肺标本进行出血热抗原检测。结果患者被诊断为实验室确诊病例。实验动物鼠肺标本抗原阳性率为9.30%(4/43),鼠血标本抗体阳性率为1.82%(1/55),阳性标本均来自开放饲养区的实验用大白鼠;21份野鼠鼠肺标本抗原检测均为阴性,鼠血标本抗体阳性率为25.00%(2/8);实验动物提供单位采集的40份血清标本均为阴性;实验室相关工作人员血清标本抗体阳性率为1.67%(1/60)。结论动物实验室基础设施不完善是造成该事件的主要原因,感染肾综合征出血热的野鼠将病毒传播给开放饲养区的大白鼠,最终导致了实验工作人员感染发病,提示我们动物实验室的监管以及动物实验室工作人员的生物安全意识亟待加强。

Objective To analyse the reasons of laboratory infection of HFRS in university of Guangzhou and explore the prevention and control measures of maintaining the biosafety of animal laboratories. Method The affair of laboratory infection of HFRS was investigated with field epidemic methods. Human blood samples and rat blood samples were collected to detect the hemorrhagic fever antibodies and rat lung specimens were collected to detect the hemorrhagic fever anti- gen. Results The patient was diagnosed as laboratory - confirmed ease of HFRS. Positive rates of the hemorrhagic fever antigen of the rat lung specimens and vole lung samples were 9. 30% （4/43） and 0 （0/20）, The positive rates of the hemorrhagic fever antibodies of the rat blood samples and the vole blood samples were 1.82% （1/55） and 25.00% （2/8）, the positive samples of laboratory animals were all from the rats. 40 serum samples provided by animal nstitutions were all negative. Positive rate of the Serum samples from laboratory staff was 1.67% （1/60） . Conclusions The poor infrastructure of the animal laboratory is the main cause of the affair, Voles Infected with hantavirus transmitted the virus to the rat in the open area and led to the incidence of the laboratory staff. The affair indicate that it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of animal laboratory and to improve biosafety awareness of the animal laboratory staff.