新历史观基础上的市民社会批判——重读《德意志意识形态》

A Critique of Civil Society Based on the New Conception of History:Rereading German Ideology

马克思恩格斯对市民社会本质的理解和认识经历了一个复杂的发展过程。在《德意志意识形态》著作中,马克思恩格斯已经站在广义的历史唯物主义基础之上对市民社会本质进行了全面的分析,具体内容包括:市民社会的历史本质在于分工基础之上的工业和竞争造成的个人利益与社会利益的分离以及积累劳动与现实劳动的对立;由于货币和分工造成的市民社会的物役性和个人生活的偶然性,市民社会工业的发展必然导致奴役性分工的消灭以及生产力的全面占有,即实现共产主义。

Marx and Engles＇ views on civil society experienced a complex process. In German Ideology, Marx and Engles already analyzed thoroughly the essential of civil society from perspective of generalized historical materialism. The content included two parts ： first, the historical essence of civil society is the opposition between labor accumulation and labor reality and separation between individual interest and social interest, which originated from the competition and division of labor; second, individual life＇s contingency and enslavement of civil society that caused by monetary and division of labor would lead to the retreat of enslavement division of labor and overall occupation of productivity, which implied the realization of communism.