我国学校内部组织管理:科层化与扁平化的冲突和协调

Conflict and Coordination in Internal University Organization Management

学校是由科层化行政组织与扁平化的专业组织构成的人才培养机构。它既不同于政府与企业,也不等同于其他的社会公益性机构。学校科层化组织的主要目的是提高人的生产效率。扁平化专业组织是学校管理组织内部劳动分工的产物,它的存在及其作用的发挥需要以其独立性、专业与技术的类同性以及自觉性为前提与基础。科层化行政组织不仅需要协调学校组织内部的关系,而且还需要协调学校与外部其他组织之间的相互关系。学校组织扁平化专业管理具有较高的专业自觉性以及反强制性的特点。科层化管理与扁平化管理的冲突主要表现在指涉领域、权力性质与职能践履三个方面。建立校务委员会领导下的校长负责制、取消学校组织内部的行政级别的设置、合理界定与划分科层化行政组织与扁平化专业组织的职责是化解科层化行政管理与扁平化专业管理矛盾与冲突的关键。

University is a talent fostering institute that comprises at the same time both hierarchical bureaucratic administration and flat professional establishment. It is therefore different from not only government or enterprises, but also other social public welfare institutes. The main function of the hierarchical organizations lies in promoting produc- tiveness whereas the flat professional establishments, which are the outcome of the internal labor division in college administration, should exist and function independently for its self consciousness and the alikeness of professionality and techniques; in fact, the latter two characteristics are its prerequisites and bases. The former are supposed to coordinate the internal relations of the university organizations; it is also expected to supervise the relationship between the university and the relevant external organizations. The latter as professional management are characterized with high professional self-awareness and anti-mandatory. The conflicts are chiefly embodied in the management areas, the nature of their power, and the functional practice. The key solution lies in setting up a president-responsible system under the university committee, removing the administrative ranks, and delimiting and discriminating the responsibilities of the two aspects of management.