麦金太尔美德伦理思想的文化传统和生活实践叙事

Narration of Cultural Traditions and Life Practice in MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics

上世纪70年代,当代美国著名伦理学家麦金太尔的研究立场发生了转变,宣告了现代普遍理性主义研究方法的失败。他跳出现代性道德概念的研究框架,以历史叙事的方法,转向以亚里士多德主义为中心的道德文化传统;进而提出道德文化传统多样性问题,指出道德探究传统各有其合理性,其合理性是在解决自身道德困境、应对道德挑战中表现出来的卓越能力;进入新世纪,麦金太尔叙事方法进一步发展,从历史叙事发展为对道德文化传统的理智探究与对个体道德生活的实践探究的辩证统一。麦金太尔叙事探究的理论意义在于,指出了一条美德伦理探究的新路,为美德伦理在现代社会找到了理论和实践根基。

In the 1970s, Mclntyre, the famous contemporary ethicist, changed his stance in ethics research and de- clared the failure of the research methods of universal rationalism. He no longer stuck to the moral concept of modernity. That is, he treated the Aristotelian doctrine as the center of historical narration. He expresses his view of diversified mor- al culture tradition. He pointed out that each tradition of moral enquiry has its own moral rationality, and its rationality is the outstanding ability to solve their own moral dilemmas and to deal with the ethical challenges. In the new century, Mclntyre improved his narration methodology. He transformed from his historical narration to the dialectic unification of the rational exploration between the moral culture tradition and the practical enquiry about individual moral life. The significance of his narration enquiry lies in the fact that Maclntyre has worked out a new way towards ethical enquiry, which provides the foundation for the theory and practice of virtue ethics.