石油价格、经济增长与可持续发展

Oil Price,Economic Growth and Sustainable Development

中国从20世纪90年代中后期开始成为石油净进口国,石油在经济发展中的瓶颈作用渐趋明显,国际油价的剧烈波动严重影响我国经济增长和社会发展的可持续性。研究表明,石油价格上涨改变了居民对能耗产品的消费结构,节能型产品较之耗能产品更有市场,同时还会降低居民其他非能耗性产品的消费;若PPI向CPI转嫁渠道不畅,石油价格上涨会造成严重的产能闲置,企业开工不足,进而造成严重失业;石油价格上涨会造成能源及相关产品的贸易逆差扩大,一般非能源类商品出口减少。有鉴于此,应当增强政府对能源产品指导定价的科学性,尽可能尊重市场;能源价格与国际接轨、提高加工贸易能耗成本,促进经常账户平衡;深化要素市场改革、促进要素自由流动,降低能源价格波动对消费结构的扭曲效应。

China, as a new market country, has witnessed rapid economic growth in the past 30 years. However, en- ergy problem has recently become the obstacle to economy. It is therefore important to oberve the relationship between oil price, economic growth and sustainable development. It is found that the rise of oil price can change people＇s con- sumption structure for energy products and non-energy products, increase unemployment rate and cause relative energy product trade deficit. The paper hence provides a set of counter measures for the problems.