苏南地区农村发展进程及其动力机制——以苏州市为例

Rural Development Process and Driving Mechanism of South Jiangsu,Eastern China:A Case Study of Suzhou City

苏南模式是以乡镇企业兴起为主要特征的我国农村区域发展的成功典型,代表了改革开放以来农村发展的巨大成就。深入分析苏南模式演进中农村发展历程和特征,对于认识农村区域发展规律,探讨新农村建设的途径具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以苏南模式的典型代表苏州市为例,深入分析了苏州农村发展进程及其动力机制。结果表明:1978-2006年,苏州市GDP呈指数增长,年均递增14.4%,第一产业比重由28.1%降为1.9%,第三产业比重由16.2%升为32.7%,农村农业劳动力比重由75.5%降为16.8%,城乡收入比由1.27扩大到2.0(但远小于全国平均值);农村非农产业发展和非农就业人口增加,极大地推动了苏州农村城镇化进程。1989-2006年的17年间,苏州市城镇用地增加了4.7倍;工业化、城镇化、产业结构升级和制度创新,构成苏州市农村发展的四大主导驱动力。

South Jiangsu is one of the most rapidly developing areas in the eastern coastal region of China in recent three decade years. South-Jiangsu model, characterized by township and village enterprises, is a successful type of rural territorial development in China. It proves a huge success of China＇s reform and opening policy. It has an important theoretical and practical significance for understanding rural territorial development and finding approaches to new countryside construction to analyze thoroughly the rural development process and its driving forces mechanism in south-Jiangsu model. In this paper, the rural development process and driving forces mechanism of Suzhou region, a typical representative of south-Jiangsu model, were studied. An exponential growth trend of Suzhou＇s GDP was seen during 1978-2006 with an average annual growth rate of 14.4%. The proportion of agriculture production value declined from 28.1% to 1.9%, and that of the tertiary industry increased from 16.2% to 32.7%. The proportion of agricultural labor in rural area declined from 75.5% to 16.8%. The urban and rural income gap of Suzhou city is widening but far smaller than that of the whole country. The ratio of urban to rural income of Suzhou city increased from 1.27 in 1978 to 2.0 in 2006. Rural non-agricultural industries and population growth greatly promoted rural urbanizing process of Suzhou city. Urban construction land in Suzhou city had increased 4.7 times during 1989-2006. Industrialization, urbanization, upgrading of industrial structure and institutional innovation are the four main driving forces in the rural development process of Suzhou city, and finally, their driving mechanism to rural development were analyzed in the paper.