SOS儿童村儿童自我意识与人格特征的研究

The self-concept and personality of the children in the SOS children village

目的探讨SOS儿童村儿童的自我意识及其人格特征。方法采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）、艾森克人格问卷儿童版（EPQ）及自制一般情况调查表分别评定61名SOS儿童村儿童（SOS组）及性别和年龄相匹配的单亲家庭（单亲组）和完整家庭（完整组）儿童各61名。结果SOS组男童的行为、躯体外貌与属性、幸福与满足及自我意识总分低于完整组男童[（10．69±2．74）分，（12．57±2．36）分，P=0．013；（6．51±2．63）分，（8．29±2．75）分，P=0．011；（6．54±1．93）分，（7．97±1．60）分，P=0．004；（48．09±10．88）分，（55．86±10．11）分，P=0．007）]，3组女童自我意识因子分及总分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。SOS组女童的E分低于完整组女童（P=0．004）。儿童自我意识状况与其人格特征、学习环境、家庭结构、家长学习期望、学习成绩、要好朋友数及亲子日常交流相关（-0．566〈r〈0．395）。结论SOS儿童村男童自我意识较低，女童人格偏内向而稳定。儿童自我意识状况与其人格特征、生活环境、家庭结构等因素相关。

Objective To study the characteristics of self-concept and personality in the SOS children village＇ s children. Methods Sixty-one children from SOS children village, sixty-one children with single parent and sixty-one children in intact family, matched with the SOS children in gender and age, were assessed by Piers-Harris children＇ s self-concept Scale （PHCSS） , Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for Children （EPQ） and general status questionnaire. Result In the PHCSS, the scores on behavior, body of color and attribute, blessedness and satisfaction and the total score of boys in the SOS group were lower than those in the intact family group＇ s （ （ 10：69 ＋ 2.74） vs （12.57＋2.36）,P=0.013;（6.51＋2.63） vs （8.29＋2.75）,P=0.011;（6.54＋1.93） vs （7.97＋ 1.60） , P = 0.004 ; （48.09 ＋ 10.88 ） vs （ 55.86 ＋ 10.11 ） , P = 0. 007 ） ）. The E scale＇ s score of the SOS group＇ s girls was lower than that in the intact group （ P = 0. 004 ）. Children＇ s self-concept status was related with their learning environment,family structure, parent＇ s learning expectation, daily communication, personality, number of good friends and academic performance（ - 0. 566 〈 r 〈 0. 395 ）. Conclusions The self-concept status of girls in the SOS children village show lower level. The personality of boys in the SOS children village tend to be introversive and stable. Children＇ s self-concept status was related with the factors of their personality, life environment, family structure,et al.