“豕、彘、猪”的历时演变

A Review on Chronological Substitution of SHI(豕),ZHI(彘 )and ZHU(猪)

先秦时期"豕"是"猪"范畴的基本范畴词,而"彘"大约要到战国中晚期才进入此范畴。汉代以前,"豕"为通称,"彘"基本只指家猪。"猪"虽然在西汉之前的文献中不多见,但零星的训诂材料说明其一直行用于口语中。最晚到三国时代"猪"已经成为本语义范畴的基本范畴词。同时,传统同义词辨析中那种认为"猪"指小猪的说法并不能成立。

Before the Qin dynasty,SHI（豕） is the most important word in the semantic field of PIG.Not until the middle of Zhanguo period did ZHI（彘） come to mean PIG.At the same time,ZHI（彘） means tractable pig,and SHI（豕） means any kinds of pig.There is almost no ZHU（猪） in the documents before West Han dynasty,but we can find some examples in the documents of exegesis where it records that it often orally expressed.At the dynasty of Three Kingdoms,ZHU（猪） has become the basic word of the category of PIG.Moreover,it is wrong to hold that ZHU（猪） means little ZHU（猪）in some synonym analysis.