安乐死合法化的哲学辩护:以自由主义哲学为视角

The Philosophic Justification of Euthanasia Legitimatized:On the View of Liberalism

安乐死问题一直都是一个争议性话题。从学理上,安乐死可以分为自愿安乐死和无意愿安乐死。自由主义在伦理学上则可以分为两大立场,即义务论和功利主义。以自由主义哲学观来审视两类安乐死合法化问题:自愿安乐死体现病人自由意志的选择,是人格尊严之自主性的结果;无意愿安乐死是利益相关人意志的选择,符合社会利益的最大化。通过严格立法来规范安乐死行为,也应成为我国法律的理性选择。

Euthanasia has always been a controversial topic for a long time. In theory, euthanasia could divide into voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia. On the basis of liberalism, the system of ethnics could divide into deontological theory and utilitarianism. Two kinds of euthanasia legitimatized will be researched with the theory of liberalism. Voluntary euthanasia could be the result which patient selects according to his will, it is autonomy of the personal dignity; involuntary euthanasia could be the result which stakeholder selects according his will, coincided with the max of social interest. We can regulate euthanasia through strict legislation, which is a rational choice that we should make in China.