国有企业的双重效率损失与经济增长

The Dual Efficiency Loss of State-Owned Enterprises and Economic Growth

国有企业的效率损失应该包含两种:一是国有企业本身的效率损失,二是由这种效率损失进一步带来的其他效率损失。传统观点强调国有企业本身的效率损失而忽略了第二种效率损失。本文针对国有企业的生存困境,提出国有企业的"增长拖累"这一概念,重新认识国有企业的效率损失。所发展的观点是,国有企业不仅本身存在效率损失,而且由于软预算约束的存在,拖累了民营企业的发展进度,从而对整个经济体构成"增长拖累"。利用中国1985—2004年29个地区的省级面板数据,本文验证了这一思想。因此,就效率层面而言,推进国企改革是一条必然之路。

The State-Owned Enterprises＇ （SOEs） efficiency loss can be divided into two kinds： First is the efficiency loss of the SOEs, Second is the further efficiency loss brought about by the SOEs＇ efffciency loss itself. On the basis of the survive predicament of the SOEs, this paper introduces a new concept of ＂Economic growth cumbrance＂ to investigate the SOEs＇ efficiency loss again. The view developed in our paper is that the SOEs do not only have efficiency loss in itself but also drag the Private enterprises＇ （PEs） development because of the government protection on the SOEs, and the whole economic growth would be dragged. The direction we indicate is that it is a inevitable way to take further step in the SOEs reform.