石河子市城市化生态环境质量评价

Research on Ecological Environment Quality in the Process of Shihezi Urbanization

城市化对地区经济增长的推动作用显著,给城市生态环境带来许多不可避免的影响,确定城市化进程中的主要生态环境影响因素,可为城市系统良性发展提供数据支撑和依据。以2000～2005年石河子市城市化水平和生态环境质量评价指标为基础,结合层级分析法确定因子权重,分析城市化对石河子市城市系统的影响程度。结果表明,随城市化进程正逐渐恶化的正向指标为森林覆盖率、人均水资源量、水域面积比重、草地指数,逆向指标为降水变率和空气污染指数;逐渐优化的正向指标为市三产比例和市人均GDP,逆向指标为荒漠化指数、耕地指数、市人口密度、市恩格尔系数、地表水质指数、固体废物排放强度。城市化进程中石河子市城市生态环境系统的首要影响因素是水网密度,其次是植被覆盖。石河子市城市化与生态环境系统处于低水平协调阶段,处于城市化初期,城市系统可以通过生态环境的自净能力得以恢复。

Based on urbanized level and the ecological environment quality rating index from 2000 to 2005, urban system was analyzed quantitatively by the method of Delphi used to decide the weight of all factors. The results indicated that the positive index which contains forest coverage, average per capita water capacity, proportion of water area and grassland index and the negative index which contains precipitation variability and the air pollution index were gradually worse, whereas the positive index which contains proportion of tertiary-industry and the per capita GDP and the negative index which contains desertification index, farmland index, population density, Engel＇s coefficient, index of surface water quality and emission rate of solid wastes were gradually better, among which water channel density was the most important, next was vegetation coverage during the urbanization course. Now urbanization and the ecological environment system of Sbihezi city stay in the low-coordinated stage and in initial period of urbanization, so the urban system may be able to restore through the self-purification of ecological environment.