利用离去角度的无线传感器网络分布式节点定位方法

A Distributive Localization Method for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Angle of Departure

针对现有无线传感器网络节点定位方法成本和复杂度较高的问题,提出了一种利用离去角度估计的分布式节点定位方法(AODL).锚节点利用阵列天线发射正交导频信号,从而使得各传感节点仅需配备常规的单天线系统便可获得导频信号的离去角度信息.结合锚节点的地理位置,各节点进而可进行自身的三维位置估计.AODL方法仅利用无线通信设备进行定位,节点的角度估计不需要配备阵列天线,具有低成本和低能耗的优点,同时各节点独立进行自身的角度估计和位置计算,是一种分布式的定位方法.仿真实验结果表明,对于100 m×100 m的定位区域,借助于4个装备3×3均匀面阵的锚节点,各传感节点在信噪比为15 dB时的平均定位误差可以达到1 m以内.

A novel distributive localization method using the angle of departure （AODL） is proposed to reduce the cost and complexity of existing localization methods for wireless sensor networks. The anchors emit time-division pilots to the network using multi-antenna system, and each sensor just utilizes single-antenna system to estimate the angle of departure （AOD） of the pilot, by which the sensor＇s position can be determined. The AODL only relies on radio transceivers, and the sensors estimate the angle information without the need of conventional multi-antenna system, so that the system complexity is greatly reduced. Moreover, the angle estimation and position calculation are conducted at each sensor in a completely distributed manner. The simulation results show that for a 100 m × 100 m region, with the assistance of four anchors equipped with 3×3 uniform planar array, the average location error is within 1 m when the signal-to-noise ratio of each sensor is 15dB.