山瑞鳖嗜水气单胞菌感染的诊断及防治

Diagnosis,prevention and cure of Palea steindachneri infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

从患病山瑞鳖的肝脏、肺脏分离到1株细菌,对该菌的形态特征、生理生化进行分析,初步鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。采用BioFosun-Ⅰ微生物鉴定系统对该菌进一步鉴定,结果显示为嗜水气单胞菌,可能性概率(PROB)为99%,相似性指数(SIM)和位距指数(DIS)分别为0.989和0.099。综合形态特征、生理生化特点及微生物鉴定系统鉴定结果,可将从发病山瑞鳖分离到的病原鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。人工感染试验表明,该嗜水气单胞菌是引起山瑞鳖发病的病原且具有高度致死性;药敏试验结果则表明,该菌对头孢哌酮、阿米卡星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星4种药物敏感;选用头孢哌酮和恩诺沙星对病鳖进行治疗,可获得较好的治疗和控制效果,为今后山瑞鳖养殖生产中更有效地防制由该菌引起的疾病提供参考。

In the present study,a strain of bacterium was isolated from the liver and lung of the Palea steindachneri infected with fatal epidemic disease.The morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain were studied and these were found similar to that of the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila.With the help of BioFosun-Ⅰautomatic microbiological assay system,the bacterium was shown as Aeromonas hydrophila with 99% probability and the similarity and distance 0.989 and 0.099,respectively.According to the above identification results,the isolated strain was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila.Artificial inoculation proved that this bacterium was the main cause of this disease and had strong pathogenicity to Palea steindachneri.The antibiotic sensitivity test using 16 antimicrobial agents showed that the bacterium was sensitive to four antibiotics,viz.,cefoperazone,amikacin,ofloxacin and enrofloxacin.Further,it was intermediately sensitive to phytomycin and neomycin,while extensively resistant to 10 antibiotics including ampicillin.The diseased Palea steindachneri made a recovery from illness in one week when treated with cefoperazone（30mg/kg injection daily,three times in 3 days） and enrofloxacin（50 mg / kg in bait）.