刚果(布)主要矿产及地质特征

Main minerals and geological characteristics in Congo

在结合刚果(布)1/100万区域矿产地质调查资料的基础上,对该国的主要矿产及地质特征进行了分析。结合区域地质矿产概况将该国的金属矿产分为12个矿带,归为3大类:结晶基底和绿岩带中的铁矿、金矿、钨锡铌钽及稀土矿,碳酸盐岩地层中的低温热液铜铅锌矿,构造、岩体、地层共同控制的多金属矿。根据分析结果对成矿规律进行了初步总结:绿岩带和重熔花岗岩及其相互作用形成了铁矿、金矿及钨锡铌钽等相关矿产;中生代的构造活动形成了碳酸盐岩地层中的低温热液铜铅锌矿;中元古代岩浆活动及中生代的构造活动促使了南部构造、岩体、地层共同控制的多金属矿带的形成。在对成矿规律认识的基础上对找矿潜力作了分析,认为该国所有金属矿产绝大部分为风化矿产和冲积砂矿,矿点多,但原生矿少,寻找原生矿的空间大;勘探和开采程度极低,矿业开发前景巨大。总的说来,以该国作为长期的矿业开发基地,具有战略意义。

This article has analyzed the character＇istics of main minerals and geology in Congo based on the information from the 1：1 000 000 regional minerals and geological survey map. According to the regional geology, all ore spots are partitioned twelve ore belts, and are classified as three parts： ore spots related to greenstone belt in crystal massif; low temperature hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn ore spots which occurs in the st＇ratum of carbonate rock; polymetallie ore spots controlled by structure, intrusion rockbody and stratum. By analysizing the results the authors summarize the metallogenic regularity as follows： greenstone belt, anatectic granite and their interaction had formed iron ore spots, gold ore spots, W-Sn-Nb-Ta ore spots and so on; Mesozoic structure activity caused the formation of low temperature hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn ore spots in the stratum of carbonate rocks; Mesoproterozoic magma and Mesozoic structure action caused the formation of polymetallic ore belts in the south, which controlled by structure, intrusive body and stratum together. Then the mineral prospecting potential is also analyzed in this paper on the base of analysizing metallogenic regularity. It suggests that most of the metal minerials in Congo are the placer and weathering ore with few exploration and exploitation. There are many ore occurrences but few primary ore. So it has a good foreground in mining exploitation especially for looking for the primary ores. And it has a strategic significance to make the Congo as the mineral exploration base.